ID: 2325

Название работы: Урок английского языка

Категория: Конспект урока

Предметная область: Иностранные языки, филология и лингвистика

Описание: Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В. Назовите главные и второстепенные члены подчеркнутых в тексте предложений и укажите части речи, которыми они выражены. Найдите в тексте прилагательные в превосходной степени и переведите их. Какие времена использованы в тексте.

Язык: Русский

Дата добавления: 2013-01-06

Размер файла: 39.78 KB

Работу скачали: 7 чел.

1 семестр

Урок 1.1

Упражнение №1.   Прочитайте слова, выделенный слог ударный.

1. [ÂI] plate, same, make, case, way, take, classification, operate,  place, exchange, state, basic.

2. [±] plant, path, past, are, pass, demand.

3. [x] that, gas, classify, parallel, angle, interact, reactor, category, at, as.

4. [L] all, broad, order, for, water, warm.

Упражнение №2. Сопоставьте слова с переводом и соответствующей ему транскрипцией.

1. vertically	1. [ÇÎqV]	1. поток
2. automotive	2. ['ÎIkwId]	2. тепло
3. flow	3. [Ñ∙É]	3. жидкость
4. liquid	4. ['ÇlV:Id]	4. автомобильный
5. fluid	5. ["²Ëq'ŶuËIÈ]	5. обменивать
6. device	6. ["kəuÁ'fÁS(ə)nt]	6. газ
7. exchange	7. [dÁ'vaÁs]	7. текучая среда (жидкость, газ)
8. heat	8.  ['vF:tÁk(ə)lÁ]	8. коэффициент, показатель
9. gas	9.[ Áks'CeÁnG]	9. устройство
10. coefficient	10.  [hi:t]	10. вертикально

Текст А

Heat exchangers

Heat exchangers include all devices which can exchange heat. This is a very broad category of devices so it is necessary to make a restriction. We take into account only heat exchangers which exchange heat between two fluids. These fluids can be gases as well as liquids.  It is possible to classify heat exchangers in a number of ways.  A classification of heat exchangers depends on the basic of the fluid paths through the heat exchanger. There is a difference between a parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow. Parallel flows are those devices in which the warmed and cooled fluids flow past each other in the same direction, in contrast with the counter flow where these two flow in the opposite direction. In case of a cross flow, fluids flows pass at right angles to each other. Usually these heat exchangers are on the top buildings and people need them for air conditioning inside. Here a fluid passes between the plates at the top of the heat exchanger and flows horizontally. Device forces air to blow vertically against the plates in order to cool the fluid inside.

The second classification is depending on the state of the media in the heat exchanger. Liquid-to-liquid exchangers are those in which two liquids interact. Also we have to mention gas-to-gas heat exchangers like air preheaters in steam plants and helium-cooled reactor gas turbine plants. These devices operate with heat transfer coefficients that are between ten and one hundred times lower than the coefficients of liquid-to-liquid exchangers. Gas-to-gas exchangers are usually much larger and heavier if it is necessary to transfer the same amount of heat.

A third type is the liquid-to-gas heat exchanger (or vice versa), usually water and air are used, for instance in automotive radiators. There are usually fines placed on the exchanging surfaces because of the lower heat transfer coefficients on the gas-side.

Notes:

restriction- [rÁ'strÁkS(ə)n]ограничение;

for instance-например;

plate-пластина;

one hundred times -100 раз.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1.  What devices do heat exchangers include?
2.  What does a classification of heat exchangers depend on?
3.  What is the difference between a parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow?
4.  In what case do fluids flows pass at right angles to each other?
5.  In what heat exchangers do the warmed and cooled fluids flow past each other in the same direction?
6.  In what heat exchangers do the warmed and cooled fluids flow past each other in the opposite direction?
7.  What coefficients do gas-to-gas and liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers operate with?
8.  What is the name of the third type of heat exchangers?
9.  Where can we use the liquid-to-gas heat exchangers?
10.  Why are there usually fines placed on the exchanging surfaces?

Упражнение №3. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

Heat exchanger, include (v.), device (n.), restriction (n.), take into account,  fluid (n.), gas (n.), liquid (n.), classification (n), classify (v), heat (n.), a number of, way (n.), depend on (v.), basic (n.), path (n.), parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, warm (adj.), cool (adj.), direction (n.), right (adj.), angle (n.), building (n.), air conditioning, horizontally (adv.), vertically (adv.), second (num.), in case of,  depend on (v.), state (n.), media (n.), interact (v.), mention (v.), preheater (n.), steam plant, helium-cooled reactor, gas turbine plant, operate (v.), heat transfer coefficient, liquid-to-liquid exchangers, gas-to-gas exchanger, liquid-to-gas exchanger, amount (n.), third (num.), vice versa, water automotive radiator, usually (adv.), very (adv.), opposite (adj.), fine (n), place (v.), surface (n.), low (adj.).

Служебные слова:

all, so, as, which, against, past each other, through, on, with, if, only, as well as, same, also, in, between, like, inside, where, than, in order to, for instance.

Упражнение №4. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на английский язык.

Теплообменник, устройство, текучая среда (жидкость, газ), жидкость, канал подачи жидкости, несколько способов, параллельный поток,  встречное течение (противоток), поперечный поток, система кондиционирования воздуха, коэффициент теплопередачи, пластины, предварительный воздухоподогреватель, автомобильный радиатор, паросиловая установка (теплоцентраль), гелиевый реактор с охлаждением,  газотурбинная  установка, переносить (передавать) тепло, взаимодействовать, принуждать (заставлять, вытеснять), размещать, газо-газовый теплообменник, жидкостно-жидкостный теплообменник, газо-жидкостный теплообменник, вещество (среда, наполнитель), линия тока.

Служебные слова:

Который, с, если, чтобы, например, чем, тот же самый (один и тот же), так же как,  как что-либо (подобно чему-либо), через (сквозь).

Упражнение №5.  Какие из перечисленных переводов являются ошибочными. Укажите правильный перевод.

device	устройство	air	воздух
fluid	текучая среда	interact	взаимодействовать
turbine	турбина	mention	упоминать
heat	тепло	surface	поверхность
flow	поток	warm	теплый
plate	размещать	conditioning	кондиционирование
reactor	реагировать	preheater	подогревать
transfer	переносить	media	вещество
restriction	ограничивать	liquid	жидкость

Упражнение №6. Сопоставьте слово A с его определением B.

A

1.  heat exchanger;
2.  building;
3.  fluid;
4.  steam;
5.  air conditioning;
6.  heat;
7.  device;
8.  classification;
9.  transfer;
10.  direction.

B

1.  to move from one place to another, or to move something from one place to another;
2.  warmth or the quality of being hot;
3.  a process in which you put something into the group or class it belongs to;
4.  a system that makes the air in a room or building cooler and drier;
5.  a device for transferring heat from one medium (среда)to another;
6.  a machine or tool that does a special job;
7.  a substance that has no fixed shape (gas or a liquid);
8.  a structure such as a house, church, or factory, that has a roof and walls;
9.  the position towards which someone or something moves or faces;
10.  the hot mist that water produces when it is boiled.

Упражнение №7. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на оборот there +be.

1.  There are many types of heat exchangers.
2.  There will be a third classification method in our next text.
3.  There is a difference between a parallel flow, counter flow and cross flow.
4.  There were many high buildings in our street.
5.  There have been many redecorated houses.
6.  There was a device for transferring heat in the car.
7.  There are many ways of classifying heat exchangers.
8.  There will be many air conditioning systems in this building.
9.  There weren’t air conditioning systems in the past.
10.  There is a classification of heat exchangers.

Упражнение №8. Дайте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных.

large	many	much
heavy	good	suitable
important	easy	bad
low	far	high
warm	beautiful	old
cool	small	difficult

Упражнение № 9. Переведите предложения, определите степень сравнения прилагательных.

1.  This fluid is cooler.
2.  It isn’t the most important task.
3.  This method is easier.
4.  The designer needs to make the most difficult decision.
5.  The air is cooler and drier if there is an air conditioning system in the room.
6.  In what case the heat transfer coefficients are lower?
7.  I can translate these sentences better.

Упражнение № 10. Переведите следующие предложения, назовите их главные и второстепенные члены, укажите части речи, которыми  они выражены. Обратите внимание на время сказуемого.

1.  А fluid passes between the plates at the top of the heat exchanger.
2.  The warmed and cooled fluids flow past each other in the same direction.
3.  Gas-to-gas exchangers are usually much larger and heavier.
4.  A classification of heat exchangers depends on the basic of the fluid paths through the heat exchanger.
5.  A fluid is passing between the plates.
6.  The engineers knew about restrictions.
7.  People have been using air conditioning systems for a long time.
8.  They have already done their work.
9.  The designers will have made a decision by tomorrow.
10.  They took into account all necessary details.

Упражнение № 11. Переведите предложения, объясните s-endings.

1.  Device forces air to blow vertically against the plates in order to cool the fluid inside.
2.  A third classification method depends on the purpose of heat exchanger.
3.  A classification of heat exchangers depends on the basic of the fluid paths through the heat exchanger.
4.  John’s father is an engineer.

Упражнение № 12. Образуйте форму множественного числа следующих существительных:

device	man
category	time
place	pupil
surface	gas
woman	engineer

Text B

Heat exchangers

A third classification method depends on the purpose of heat exchanger. In difference with the other classifications, this is not a designer’s choice. It is a direct demand in order to fulfill the need for an evaporator. So any demand based on this classification is generally a starting point.  From this point the designer needs to make decisions about the other classifications, like the choice between counter flow or cross flow. There are some examples of purpose classification:

a) the cooler, which cools liquids or gases by means of water;

b) the chiller, which cools a fluid with a refrigerant such as freon in order  to below a temperature that would be obtainable if  we use water;

c) condensers, that condenses a vapour, often in the presence of a non-condensable gas.

 The last classification is actually the most important choice of the designer of a heat exchanging system. There is the choice about what kind of construction he is going to use. There are two most common options. They are double pipe heat exchangers and shell-and-tube heat exchangers.

Notes:

Options- оборудование;

Freon- фреон, хладон.

Ответьте на вопросы к тексту:

1.  What does the third classification method depend on?
2.  What is a starting point for the designer in order to make decisions about the other classifications?
3.  Give examples of purpose classifications of heat exchangers.
4.  Name the functions of the cooler, the chiller and condensers?
5.  What does the last classification method depend on?

Упражнение № 1. Какие времена использованы в тексте?

Упражнение № 2. Найдите в тексте прилагательные в превосходной степени и переведите их.

Упражнение № 3. Найдите предложения с оборотом  There+ be. Переведите их на русский язык.

Упражнение № 4. Назовите главные и второстепенные члены подчеркнутых в тексте  предложений и укажите части речи, которыми они выражены.

Упражнение № 5. Переведите следующие слова на русский язык:

Purpose (n), difference (n), classification (n), choice (n), direct demand, in order to, fulfill need, an evaporator (n), base on (v) , a starting point, make decision, like, between, counter flow, cross flow, cooler (n), liquid (n), by means of, chiller (n) , refrigerant (n) , such as, Freon, below (v) obtainable (adj), if,  condenser (n) , vapour (n) , in the presence of, non-condensable gas, common, options (n) , double pipe heat exchangers, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, generally (adv.) .

Упражнение № 6. Найдите перевод слов списка А в списке В.

A	B	A	B
cooler	спрос	evaporator	пар, испарение
freon	охлаждать	obtainable	кулер, нулевая камера
chiller	прямой	cool	фреон, хладон
vapour	охладитель, охлаждающий теплообменник	option	достижимый, доступный
direct	испаритель	demand	распространенный
condenser	оборудование	common	конденсатор