44719
Sequence of Tenses. Imperative Mood. Quantifiers and their equivalents
Конспект урока
Иностранные языки, филология и лингвистика
LBERT EINSTEIN 18791955 Imgintion is more importnt thn knowledgeâ Einstein lbert Einstein ws born in Germny on Mrch 141879. t the ge of 21 fter four yers of university study lbert Einstein got job s clerk t n office. Einstein expressed his theory in the eqution E=mc roughly tht energy equls mss times the squre of the speed of light. lbert Einstein ws very tlented mn gret thinker.
Английский
2013-11-13
54 KB
0 чел.
Unit 7
Grammar: Sequence of Tenses
Imperative Mood
Quantifiers and their equivalents.
Reading Exercises:
1. Practice reading the following one-syllable words:
Born,school,age,job,clerk,first,means,third,mass,square,few,great,eyes,full,own,fame,solve,grew,way,try,once,simple,law,force,taught,fame,field,prize.
2. Practice reading the following two-syllable words with the stress on the first syllable:
physics,study,office,publish,paper,quantum,journal,roughly,equal,thinker,wonder,problem,always,foolish,increase,human,knowledge,question.
3. Practice reading the following one-syllable words with the stress on the second syllable:
began,itself,present,express,surprise,research,effect,among,advice,intense,combine,produce,
explain.
4. Practice reading the following many-syllable words:
unusual,ability,mathematics,technical,university,revolutionary,discovery,photoelectric,develop, relativity,physical,energy,physisist,importance,laboratory,talented,ability,professor,scientific,continue,unify,mysterious,gravitation,logical,explanation,century.
5. Practice reading the following word-combinations:
unusual ability to mathematics and physics; four years of university study, a job as a clerk at an office, revolutionary discoveries in science, explain the photoelectric effect, by means of Planks quantum theory, a mathematical theory of Brownian motion, special theory of relativity, the speed of light, with great surprise, in his own way, unified field theory, combine the physical laws, forces of light and energy, the mysterious force of gravitation, a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect, the increase of human knowledge.
TEXT 7 A
ALBERT EINSTEIN
(1879-1955)
“Imagination is more important than knowledge”
Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14,1879.His unusual ability to mathematics and physics began to show itself at a technical school in Zurich. At the age of 21 after four years of university study, Albert Einstein got a job as a clerk at an office. But already in 1905 he made revolutionary discoveries in science. He published three papers. In the first he explained the photoelectric effect by means of Plancks quantum theory. The second paper developed a mathematical theory of Brownian motion. He presented his third paper on “Special Theory of Relativity” to a physical journal. Einstein expressed his theory in the equation E=mc², roughly that energy equals mass times the square of the speed of light.
All over the world scientists read the work with great surprise. Few physicists understood its importance at that time. Everybody wanted to know where he taught and in what laboratory he did his research.
Albert Einstein was a very talented man, a great thinker. He had an ability to look at the world with eyes full of wonder. All problems were new to him and he liked to solve them in his own way.
Einsteins fame among scientists grew slowly but surely. For a few years he lived in Prague where he worked as a professor. When he came to Prague, he often told his students he would always try to help them. ”If you have a problem, come to me with it, well solve it together”, he said.
He liked questions and answered them at once, for there were no simple or foolish questions for him. He spoke much with his students about scientific problems and his new ideas. His advice to young students was, “Dont take easy problems”.
Einstein continued his research. His unified field theory was the result of 35 years of intense work. He expressed it in four equations where he combined the physical laws that control forces of light and energy with the mysterious force of gravitation.
In 1922 Einstein got the Nobel Prize in physics not for the theory of relativity but for a logical explanation of the photoelectric effect.
He gave all his life to the increase of human knowledge. His ideas produced revolution in the natural science of the 20th century.
Answer the questions:
Exercises:
1.Form nouns using the given suffixes and translate them:
-ity: equal, human, activ(e), relativ(e), productiv(e)
-ness: thick, black, great, rough
-ance:import(ant),assist(ant),dist(ant)
-ence: differ(ent), depend(ent), pres(ent)
-ency:effici(ent),depend(ent)
-age: us(e),pass,break,leak.
2. Underline the suffixes of nouns and translate the given word-combinations:
the usage of a word; the simplicity of the equation; the expression of relativity; the roughness of the surface; temperature readings; atom structure; the solution of the problem; the productivity of a worker; the efficiency of the method; the leakage of gas; the equality of position.
3.Study the following table and translate the sentences given below:
Quantifiers and their equivalents |
||
With countable nouns |
With uncountable nouns |
|
manyA great many A great number of A lot of changes,properties Plenty of |
much A great deal of A great amount of A lot of water, knowledge Plenty of |
|
few not many changes, properties |
little not much water, knowledge |
|
A few some changes, properties |
A little some water, knowledge |
4.Translate the following word-combinations paying attention to the use of nouns as attributes.
a) the theory of field - the field theory
the speed of light the light speed
the forces of gravitation the gravitation forces
the study at the University the University study
the clerk at an office an office clerk
b) the thoughts of a boy the boys thoughts
the knowledge of the scientist the scientists knowledge.
The advice of the scientist the scientists advice.
c) Magnetism of the Earth the Earths magnetism
the energy of the Sun the Suns energy
the economy of the country the countrys economy
a newspaper of yesterday yesterdays newspaper.
5.Use the Imperative Mood and translate the sentences:
Turn on the radio.
Model: (to turn on) Dont turn on the radio.
(not to turn on) the radio
6.Use the Imperative Mood in the following sentences and translate them:
Model: Say it again (she). Let her say it again.
Dont say it again (they).Dont let them say it again.
1.Ask the professor about the difference between the metric and imperial systems (we).
2.Dont solve this equation (he).We have already the answer.
3. Freeze the liquid in the tube and then measure its volume (they).
4. Illustrate my explanation with an example (she).
5. Help him in his laboratory work (I).
7. a. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of some and same:
b. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the meanings of for:
1.А.Эйнштейн був видатним фiзиком 20 столiття.2.Вiн мав незвичайнi здiбностi до математики i фiзики.3.На протязi кiлькох рокiв Ейнштейн мешкав у Празi i викладав фiзику в унiверситетi.4.У 1905 роцi вiн зробив декiлька наукових вiдкриттiв.5.Його iдея вразила усiх вчених.6.У 1922 роцi Ейнштейн отримав Нобелiвську премiю.7.Сьогоднi кожен студент технiчного вузу вивчае теорiю вiдносностi.8.Вивчiть бiографiю Ейнштейна, i ви побачите, що вiн вiддав свое життя науцi.
To get the Nobel Prize, to make some discoveries any college student, to be a great physicist of the 20th century, to study Einsteins biography, to give his life to.., for a few years..,to teach physics..,to have an unusual ability to ..,to surprise all scientists
10.Read and retell:
“How are new inventions made?”
“How are new inventions that change the face of the world made?” somebody asked Einstein. ”Quite simply,” answered Einstein. ”Everybody knows that something is impossible. Then quite by chance, there happens an ignorant man who does not know it and he makes the invention”.
Different means
During his visit to an observatory Einstein got interested in the gigantic telescope with a mirror of 2.5 meters in diameter.
“What do you need such a big instrument for?” asked Einsteins wife.
“We use it to study the structure of the universe”, answered the director of the observatory.
“Really?” said the lady. ”My husband usually does it on the inside of an old envelope.”
TEXT 7 B
IT IS INTERESTING TO KNOW…
…that Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist and engineer, was known for the invention of dynamite. Everything that he invented served military purposes. He understood how terrible his inventions were, but he easily forgot about them saying: ”The things which we develop are terrible indeed, but they are so interesting and so perfect technically that it makes them more attractive.”
But one morning, while looking through a French newspaper Nobel read about…his own death. The paper described his inventions as “terrible means of destruction” and he was named “a dynamite king” and “a merchant of death”.The thought that his name would always be connected with dynamite and death shook Nobel. He felt he could never be happy again. He decided to use all his money (about 2,000,000 pounds) for some noble purpose.
According to his will, prizes for “the most outstanding achievements” in physics,chemistry,medicine,literature and fight for peace are awarded every year. Nobel prizes have become the highest international scientific awards. Perhaps its an irony of life that some of Nobel prize winners helped to make the atom bomb.
TEXT 7 C
EINSTEINS PHOTOELECTRIC LAW
To explain the characteristics of thermal radiation, that is, the radiation emitted by hot bodies, Planck (1900) suggested that the emission and absorption of radiant energy by matter is in discrete quanta of energy h.
Einstein (1905) extended this hypothesis and postulated the quantum nature of radiation itself.
It is further seen that the absence of a time lag in photoelectric emission arises naturally, the absorption of quantum energy is instantaneous as is the resultant emission of an electron. This is to be contrasted with the hitherto accepted view that radiation consists of waves; the energy in the incident beam is spread uniformly over the area of the surface on which it falls. An electron which is at the surface or near it requires some time (of the order of seconds), to absorb sufficient energy from the beam to be able to escape from the surface.
The simplicity of Einsteins equation conceals the revolutionary nature of the concept underlying it. Light and all forms of radiation are emitted, and absorbed, in quanta of energy, the quanta are localized in space.
This is in fact a corpuscular theory, a beam of light or other radiation consisting of a stream of corpuscles called photons. Every photon moves with the velocity of light, and has a definite energy hv.
The study of the photoelectric effect was of major importance for the development of physical theory during the first two decades of the 20th century. The role played by the photoelectric effect during this period was largely due to the manner in which it displayed the quantum properties of radiation, which are not describable by the electromagnetic wave theory.
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