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GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM. THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN THE UK

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Иностранные языки, филология и лингвистика

The British Isles today are shared by two separate and independent states. The smaller of these is the Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin. The larger, with London as its capital, is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Английский

2014-08-29

80.5 KB

33 чел.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

ВАРИАНТ 1.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные жирным шрифтом слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

  1.  My friends work for a big business company. Their work starts at 9 a.m.
  2.  His report was very interesting. He reports directly to the managing director of his company.
  3.  They had a big increase in the production of oil last year. They will increase the manufacture of shoes next year.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в них в подходящей видовременной форме.

1.   What … the word ‘dull’ …? (mean)

2.   I … home at six o’clock yesterday. (leave)

3.   She … as soon as she arrives in Sydney. (phone)

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пробел правильный предлог из следующего списка:

at, in, on, by, to, from.

1. I was born … 1975 … Manchester.   

2. I’ll see you … Tuesday.

3. We’re arriving … June 4th … 6.30 p.m.

4. Составьте предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний, употребив прилагательное в соответствующей степени сравнения, а также вставив недостающие вопросительные слова и союзы.

Образец:

large/ocean/in the world – Which is the largest ocean in the world?

  1.  tall/building/in New York
  2.  expensive/car/in this showroom
  3.  good/restaurant/in this town
  4.  the Amazon/be/long/the Mississippi
  5.  Mont Blanc/be/high/the Matterhorn  

5. Прочитайте следующий текст и выполните задания к нему.

      

GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED KINGDOM.

    Strictly speaking, 'Great Britain' is a geographical expression, but 'The United Kingdom' is a political expression. Great Britain is in fact the biggest of the group of islands, which lie between the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It is approximately two and a half times the size of Ireland, the second largest. Together they are called the British Isles. The expression originally described the islands themselves, not the political or national divisions within them.

    The British Isles today are shared by two separate and independent states. The smaller of these is the Republic of Ireland, with its capital in Dublin. The larger, with London as its capital, is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. This long title, (usually shortened to the United Kingdom or UK) is the result of a complicated history.

   The island of Great Britain contains three ‘nations’, which were separate at earlier stages of their history: England, Scotland and Wales. Wales had become part of the English administrative system by the sixteenth century. Scotland was not completely united with England until 1707. The United Kingdom is a name, which was introduced in 1801 when Great Britain became united with Ireland. When the Republic of Ireland became independent of London in 1922, the title was changed to its present form.

   'Britain' and 'British' have two meanings. They sometimes refer to Great Britain alone, and sometimes to the UK including Northern Ireland. 'England' and 'English' are often incorrectly used to refer to the whole of Great Britain.

  Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

  1.  Explain the differences between these expressions: Great Britain, the United Kingdom, the Republic of Ireland, the British Isles. What did ‘the United Kingdom’ originally refer to?
  2.  Which of these people are British: an Englishman, a Republic of the Irish Republic, a Scot, a Welshman?
  3.  Which of these capital cities are the capitals of independent states: Edinburgh, Belfast, Dublin, Cardiff, London?
  4.  An Irishman might not agree that he lives in the British Isles. Why not?

    

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

ВАРИАНТ 2.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные жирным шрифтом слова. Переведите  предложения на русский язык.

  1.  The patient breathed hard. He was a hard patient to cure.
  2.  All is well that ends well.
  3.  Quiet settled over a little town. It was a quiet winter night.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в них в подходящей видовременной форме.

  1.  She … five miles to school and back every day. (cycle)
  2.  You … Spanish as well as French? (speak)
  3.  It’s hot in here. I … the air conditioning. (turn on)

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пробел правильный предлог из следующего списка:

at, in, on, by, to, from.

  1.  I think I’ll go … train.
  2.  You must arrive … the airport an hour before the flight.
  3.  Out cat likes to go out … night.  

4. Составьте предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний, употребив прилагательное в соответствующей степени сравнения, а также вставив недостающие вопросительные слова и союзы.

Образец:

large/ocean/in the world – Which is the largest ocean in the world?

  1.  bad/time of year/to go to Britain.
  2.  interesting/book/you have ever read.
  3.  a Ferrari/be/fast/a Mercedes 380SL.
  4.  Gerry/be/old/Sue.
  5.  Rome/beautiful/city/in the world.

5. Прочитайте следующий текст и выполните задания к нему.

THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT IN THE UK.

    In theory, the constitution has three branches: Parliament, which makes laws, the government, which 'executes' laws i.e. puts them into effect, and the law courts, which interpret laws. Although the Queen is officially head of all three branches, she has little direct power.

Parliament has two parts: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The voters of 650 constituencies elect members of the House of Commons. They are known as MPs, or Members of Parliament. The Prime Minister, or leader of the Government, is also an MP, usually the leader of the political party with a majority in the House of Commons.

    A Cabinet of about twenty other ministers advises the Prime Minister. The Cabinet includes the ministers in charge of major government departments or ministries. Civil servants, who are permanent officials, run departments and ministries. Even if the Government changes after an election, the same civil servants are employed.

    Members of the House of Lords (peers) are not elected. About 70 per cent of them are 'hereditary peers' because their fathers were peers before them. The other 30 per cent are 'life peers', whose titles are not passed on to their children. They are officially appointed by the Queen, on the advice of the Government, for various services to the nation.

A British republic?

    England had a monarch more than a thousand years ago, and the United Kingdom still has a monarch today. But there was one short break in this long tradition. King Charles I fought a war against Parliament. He lost the war, and in 1649 he had his head cut off. But in 1660 his son became King Charles II. So Britain was a republic for just eleven years.

  Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

  1.  Which of these people are not elected: a peer, an MP, a civil servant, the Prime Minister?
  2.  What is the difference between a life peer and a hereditary peer?
  3.  What are civil servants?
  4.  Is the Prime minister also an MP?
  5.  Is the prime minister the leader of the political party with a minority in the House of Commons?

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 2, 3, 4 и 5 абзацы.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

ВАРИАНТ 3.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные жирным шрифтом слова. Переведите  предложения на русский язык.

  1.  The light went off. I like light colours.
  2.  The President will visit the UN on his visit to the USA.
  3.  A lot of fish died in the North Sea after the explosion at one of the oil platforms. We are going to fish trout during our stay in Scotland.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в них в подходящей видовременной форме.

  1.  My grandmother … … very well, does she? (not look)
  2.  … you … the first time we met? (remember)
  3.  When … he … in London? (arrive)

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пробел правильный предлог из следующего списка:

at, in, on, by, to, from.

  1.  How long does it take you to get … work … your house?
  2.  The shop is open … nine … the morning … five o’clock … the evening.
  3.  He arrived … London … Monday.

4. Составьте предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний, употребив прилагательное в соответствующей степени сравнения, а также вставив недостающие вопросительные слова и союзы.

Образец:

large/ocean/in the world – Which is the largest ocean in the world?

  1.  quick/way/to the station.
  2.  hard/question/on the exam paper.
  3.  New York/be/definitely/dangerous/at night/London.
  4.  the temperature in London/be/cold/today/Barcelona.
  5.  Peter/be/tall/Tom.

5. Прочитайте следующий текст и выполните задания к нему.

    

THE EDINBURGH INTERNATIONAL FESTIVAL.

    Suddenly one Sunday in August, the streets are filled with colour. A procession of bands, dancers, jugglers and trick cyclists makes its way slowly through the city. Every evening, crowds of people walk up to the top of the Royal Mile, looking forward to a display of military music. On every shop window and noticeboard, posters have appeared, advertising everything from poetry readings to children's theatre, art exhibitions to concerts. It's festival time.

    From its beginning in 1947, the Edinburgh International Festival (the 'official' festival) has become a world-famous cultural event. The city turns into a giant arts centre, with its music, drama, dance and exhibitions, all by artistes of international fame. Every year more than twenty nations perform to audiences from all over the world in theatres, halls, schools, churches and the streets of the city. The Edinburgh Military Tattoo adds to the choice of entertainment, with its display of marching and military bands in Edinburgh Castle.

    The Festival Fringe (the 'unofficial' festival) is the biggest event of its kind in the world, with more than 900 shows to choose from and over 6000 writers and performers taking part. It gives visitors and residents a first-class opportunity to see many works performed for the first time - several of which go on to successful performances elsewhere.

    The Film Festival gives fans an opportunity to widen their knowledge of films. And to show that there is something for everyone, the Jazz Festival has become very popular in recent years. You can hear the very best of music all over the city at this time.

There is no more exciting place to be than in Edinburgh at Festival time!

    а) Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

  1.  When is the festival held?
  2.  When did the festival begin?
  3.  What kinds of entertainment does it offer?

б) Вставьте в предложения подходящие по смыслу слова:

  1.  The Edinburgh International Festival has become a world-famous cultural … .    
  2.  Every year more than twenty nations … in theatres, halls, schools, churches and the street of the city.
  3.  The Festival Fringe (the ‘unofficial’ … ) is the … event of its kind in the world.
  4.  The Film Festival gives … an opportunity to … their knowledge of films.
  5.  And to show that there is something for everyone, the Jazz Festival has become very … in recent years.

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

ВАРИАНТ 4.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные жирным шрифтом слова. Переведите  предложения на русский язык.

  1.  He showed me a photo of his country house. I want to photo a lot of sights when I am in London.  
  2.  My flat is not very big. This TV has a flat screen.
  3.  The show was very amusing. He wants to show us the most beautiful places in his native town.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в них в подходящей видовременной форме.

  1.  I … … why you are wearing your coat indoors. (not understand)
  2.  She usually … her parents every day. (phone)
  3.  My brother ... twenty-six next week. (be)

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пробел правильный предлог из следующего списка:

at, in, on, by, to, from.

  1.  I like staying up late. I’m never … bed before midnight.
  2.  I usually have lunch … the canteen … work.
  3.  We checked-in … the airport … 6.30.

4. Составьте предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний, употребив прилагательное в соответствующей степени сравнения, а также вставив недостающие вопросительные слова и союзы.

Образец:

large/ocean/in the world – Which is the largest ocean in the world?

  1.  interesting/film/on TV/this week.
  2.  good/museum/in your town.
  3.  my bag/be/heavy/yours.
  4.  the opera house/be/one of /beautiful/in the city.
  5.  high/our wages,/good/our standard of living.

5. Прочитайте следующий текст и выполните задания к нему.

The Henry Ford Story

    Henry Ford, founder of Ford Motor Company, was born in Springwells Township, Wayne Country, Michigan, on July 30, 1863, the eldest of six children in a family of four boys and two girls.

    From the age of 12, Henry Ford had spent most of his spare time in a small machine shop which he had equipped himself. There at 15, he constructed his first steam engine.

    Henry Ford's career as a builder of automobiles started in the winter of 1893, when his interest in internal combustion engines led him to construct a small one-cylinder gasoline model. This first Ford engine spluttered its way into history on a wooden table in the kitchen of the Ford home in Detroit. From that he designed an engine which, mounted on a frame fitted with four bicycle wheels, became the first Ford car, completed in June 1896. On June 16, 1903, he helped set up Ford Motor Company.

    The first car built by the company was sold on July 23 1903. Henry Ford owned 25.5 per cent of the stock in the new organisation. He became president and controlling owner in 1906. Then in 1919, Henry Ford and his son, Edsel, acquired the interest of all minority stockholders for $105,568,858 thus becoming sole owners of the company. The most famous cars built under Henry Ford's leadership were the Model T, of which over 16 million were built between 1908 and 1927. In September 1945, Henry Ford resigned the presidency of the Ford Motor Company and was succeeded by his grandson, Henry Ford II. Henry Ford died at his home, Fair Lane, in Dearborn on Monday, April 7 1947 at 11.40pm, following a cerebral haemorrhage. He was 83.

    Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

  1.  Where and when was Henry Ford born?
  2.  How many brothers and sisters did he have?
  3.  What did he do at the age of 15?
  4.  What did the construct in the winter of 1893?
  5.  When was the first Ford car completed?
  6.  When was Ford Motor Company set up?
  7.  What happened on July 23 1903?
  8.  How much of the company did Henry Ford own?
  9.  What happened in 1906?
  10.  What did Henry Ford and his son do in 1919?

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 2, 3 и 4 абзацы.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №1.

ВАРИАНТ 5.

1. Перепишите следующие предложения. Определите, какой частью речи являются выделенные жирным шрифтом слова. Переведите  предложения на русский язык.

  1.  There was a seasonal fall in prices last month. They predict that prices for LCD monitors will fall in the future.   
  2.  The lock on the door is very old. Don’t forget to lock the front door when you leave your flat.
  3.  Don’t forget to water the plants.  I like this mineral water.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения. Раскройте скобки и поставьте глагол в них в подходящей видовременной форме.

  1.  I … to Finland about five years ago. (go)
  2.  We … the show last night. (enjoy)
  3.  Life … very different in a hundred years’ time. (be)

3. Перепишите предложения, вставив в пробел правильный предлог из следующего списка:

at, in, on, by, to, from.

  1.  The sale was … December 28th … January 3rd.
  2.  We live … 23 Kirov Street.
  3.  He’ll be back … Friday night.

4. Составьте предложения из данных слов и словосочетаний, употребив прилагательное в соответствующей степени сравнения, а также вставив недостающие вопросительные слова и союзы.

Образец:

large/ocean/in the world – Which is the largest ocean in the world?

  1.  my brother/be/much/young/myself
  2.  the 5th Symphony by Tchaikovsky/be/a/beautiful/piece of music.
  3.  long/the night,/short/the day.
  4.  good/method/to use in the research.
  5.  easy/solution/to this problem.

5. Прочитайте следующий текст и выполните задания к нему.

Cars: Passion or Problem?

   For some people, the car is a convenient form of transportation. But for others, the car is an exciting hobby. Some people spend their lives collecting valuable cars. Others drive them in races, including the Mille Miglia in Italy, the Carrera Panamericana in Mexico, and the world-famous India napolis 500. For many people, cars are more than transportation; They are a source of passion and pleasure. Yet cars can also be a source of many problems.

In 1903, Henry Ford began selling the Model Т car for $825. His company, Ford Motors, was the first to produce cars in large numbers. This made the car available to large numbers of people and helped them to travel long distances quickly and easily. The car has brought people much closer to places of work, study, and entertainment.

Many people also work in car-related industries: fixing cars, washing cars, advertising cars, and selling car products such as stereos and cellular phones.

Most Americans buy a new car every five or six years. This means that one American may own a dozen cars in a lifetime. In fact, there are more cars than people in the United States. In New York City, 2.5 million cars move in and out of the city each day. In this traffic, the average speed is sometimes 8.1 miles per hour. This speed could easily be reached by riding a horse instead of driving a car. But New Yorkers continue to drive, just as people do in California, where freeways are often very crowded.

Some environmentalists believe that forms of public transportation such as buses and trains have not been fully developed in the United States. They try to teach others that public transportation saves fuel and helps to protect the environment. Many people are unhappy with car traffic and pollution, as well as with the use of beautiful land for building new roads. One environmentalist, Jan Lundberg, left his Mercedes-Benz in Los Angeles and moved to the forests of northern California. There he works on the Auto-Free Times, a newspaper that teaches people how to live without driving. Lundberg travels on foot, on bicycle, or by bus. Before he decided to live without a car, Lundberg worked for the oil companies, studying the prices of gasoline.

Lundberg and other environmentalists dream of turning parking lots into parks and replacing cars with bicycles, but most people around the world believe that the car is a necessary part of life in today's world. Still, there is an important question that must be answered: What kind of fuel will we use when gasoline is no longer available? Lundberg believes that by the year 2021, there will no longer be oil for gasoline makers to use. To solve this problem, car companies in Korea, Japan, Europe, and the United States are trying to develop an electric car that will not require gasoline at all.

    Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по-английски или по-русски:

  1.  What does a car mean for people who have it?
  2.  Who made the car available to many people?
  3.  How often do most Americans buy a new car?
  4.  What do environmentalists dream of?

6. Переведите письменно на русский язык 4, 5 и 6 абзацы.